When it comes to dental crowns, various metals are used to create strong and durable restorations. These metals offer different benefits, and the choice depends on factors such as the patient's preference, location of the crown, and functional requirements. Let's explore the ten most commonly used metals in dental crown fabrication.
1. Gold Crowns
Gold has been used in dentistry for decades due to its malleability, resistance to corrosion, and biocompatibility. Gold crowns are known for their longevity, with an average lifespan of 10-15 years. They are a great choice for patients with metal allergies and for restorations in less visible areas, like molars. However, gold crowns can be more expensive compared to other metal options, with prices ranging from $800 to $2,500.
Although gold crowns are highly durable and provide excellent fit, they may not be aesthetically pleasing for patients looking for a natural tooth appearance. Therefore, they are typically recommended for posterior teeth where esthetics are less of a concern.
2. Palladium Crowns
Palladium is a white metal that shares similar characteristics with gold, including biocompatibility and resistance to corrosion. Palladium crowns are an excellent alternative to gold as they offer a similar lifespan and strength. They also provide a more natural appearance due to their white color, making them ideal for visible areas. The average cost of palladium crowns ranges from $800 to $2,500.
However, palladium crowns may not be suitable for patients with metal allergies, as palladium is a component of the platinum family. It is always important to consult a dentist before choosing the right metal for a dental crown.
3. Silver Crowns
Silver, or dental amalgam, crowns are composed of a mixture of metals, including silver, tin, and copper. While silver crowns are highly durable and provide good resistance to wear, they are less commonly used due to their esthetic appeal. These crowns are often chosen for primary teeth in children as they are cost-effective and can be easily placed. The average cost of silver crowns ranges from $250 to $800.
However, it is worth noting that dental amalgam contains mercury, albeit in minimal amounts. If environmental concerns or personal preferences arise, patients can consider other metal options.
4. Titanium Crowns
Titanium is a lightweight and corrosion-resistant metal often used in medical implants due to its exceptional biocompatibility. While titanium crowns are not as common as other metals, they offer desirable qualities such as exceptional strength and resistance to corrosion. Furthermore, they can be a suitable option for patients with metal allergies or sensitivity. The average cost of titanium crowns ranges from $800 to $2,500.
However, titanium crowns may not provide the most aesthetically pleasing results due to their metal color. Therefore, they are recommended for areas where esthetics are not a priority, such as the back teeth.
5. Stainless Steel Crowns
Stainless steel crowns are temporary restorations often used for children or as a temporary fix until a permanent crown is ready. They are cost-effective and easy to place, making them popular in pediatric dentistry. The average cost of stainless steel crowns ranges from $150 to $300.
While stainless steel crowns are not meant for long-term use, they provide good durability and strength for short-term solutions. They are also highly resistant to corrosion, which is a crucial factor in the oral environment.
6. Cobalt-Chromium Crowns
Cobalt-chromium alloy is commonly used in dentistry due to its exceptional strength and resistance to wear. These crowns are biocompatible and exhibit a high level of accuracy in fit. Cobalt-chromium crowns are an excellent choice for patients with metal allergies and for those requiring strong restorations in visible areas. The average cost of cobalt-chromium crowns ranges from $800 to $2,500.
However, due to their metallic color, cobalt-chromium crowns may not be suitable for patients seeking a natural tooth appearance.
7. Nickel-Based Crowns
Nickel-based alloys, such as nickel-chromium, are commonly used for dental crowns. These crowns offer good strength and durability while maintaining esthetic appeal. They are resistant to corrosion and biocompatible, making them suitable for patients with metal allergies. The average cost of nickel-based crowns ranges from $800 to $2,500.
However, it is important to note that some individuals may have nickel sensitivities or allergies, and caution should be exercised when considering these crowns.
8. Zirconia Crowns
Zirconia is a ceramic material known for its exceptional strength and natural-looking appearance. Zirconia crowns are highly biocompatible and provide excellent resistance to chipping or fracturing. They are suitable for visible areas and may be an ideal choice for patients seeking highly esthetic results. The average cost of zirconia crowns ranges from $800 to $3,000.
However, the high cost of zirconia crowns may be a limiting factor for some patients.
9. Base Metal Alloy Crowns
Base metal alloys, such as non-noble or semi-precious alloys, are affordable options for dental crowns. These crowns offer good strength and durability while maintaining cost-effectiveness. They are biocompatible and resistant to corrosion. The average cost of base metal alloy crowns ranges from $800 to $1,500.
However, base metal alloy crowns may not provide the esthetic appeal desired by patients as they have a metallic appearance.
10. High Noble Metal Alloy Crowns
High noble metal alloys, including gold with a high percentage of noble metals, offer exceptional strength and biocompatibility. These crowns provide excellent durability and a good fit. The average cost of high noble metal alloy crowns ranges from $800 to $2,500, depending on the noble metal content.
These crowns are generally more expensive due to the high noble metal content, making them less commonly used compared to other metal options.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Are dental crowns only made of metal?
No, dental crowns can be made of different materials, including metal, porcelain-fused-to-metal, all-ceramic, and all-resin. The choice of material depends on various factors, such as esthetic requirements, durability needed, and the location of the crown.
2. How long do metal crowns last?
Metal crowns, such as gold or palladium, can last on average between 10-15 years. However, their longevity can vary depending on oral hygiene practices, habits like teeth grinding, and the individual's overall dental health.
3. Can I get a metallic crown for a front tooth?
While metallic crowns may offer good strength and durability, they may not provide the desired esthetic appeal for front teeth. For highly visible areas, materials like porcelain-fused-to-metal or all-ceramic crowns are recommended for a natural-looking smile.
References:
- Wataha, J.C. (2015). Alloys for Prosthodontic Restorations. Dental clinics of North America, 59(1), 25-45.
- Johnson, A. (2012). Selecting the Proper Metal for a Crown Restoration. Compendium of Continuing Education in Dentistry, 33(10), 750-755.
- Rejaie, N. (2015). Esthetic Considerations with All-Ceramic Full-Coverage Restorations. The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association, 97(10), 28-31.
