Dealing with eczema can be a challenging endeavor, characterized by symptoms such as itchiness, irritation, and inflammation. If not addressed, this skin condition can significantly diminish one's comfort and overall quality of life. According to the National Eczema Foundation, approximately 10% of the U.S. population will experience some form of eczema at some point in their lives.
Fortunately, there are various methods to support the healing of eczematous skin, encompassing lifestyle modifications, dietary adjustments, over-the-counter products, topical prescriptions, and even laser treatments.
In this article, two dermatologists share essential insights on managing eczema.
Understanding Eczema: What is it and What Triggers It?
Eczema encompasses several types, including contact dermatitis and seborrheic dermatitis, but the most common and widely recognized form is atopic dermatitis, also known as atopic eczema. Dr. Kristin M. Baird, a board-certified dermatologist in Longmont, Colorado, describes atopic eczema as "a skin condition that can cause the skin to become red, swollen, dry, and itchy." It may also manifest as scaly patches. "Typically, eczema is linked to genetics or an overactive immune system and can appear anywhere on the body." Although the exact cause remains elusive, environmental factors such as cold weather and allergens in soaps, lotions, and laundry detergents can trigger severe flare-ups. Dr. Heidi Waldorf, a board-certified dermatologist in Nanuet, New York, adds that "eczema is often observed in individuals or families with asthma or seasonal rhinitis, such as hay fever."
While Dr. Baird notes that eczema is most prevalent among young children, flare-ups can persist throughout life and may develop later in adulthood.
Is Permanent Eczema Treatment Possible?
Eczema does not resolve on its own. Regrettably, atopic dermatitis is a chronic immunomodulatory disease, which is why both dermatologists emphasize that there is no single cure. Recurrences are common, and Dr. Waldorf points out that the severity of eczema can fluctuate throughout different stages of life. It's crucial to consult a board-certified healthcare provider, as eczema can be mistaken for other conditions like psoriasis, necessitating the correct treatment plan.
Despite this, numerous dermatologist-approved treatments and tips are available to alleviate itchiness and inflammation for those suffering from eczema.
Using Skincare Products to Treat Eczema
Dr. Baird suggests that a topical steroid like hydrocortisone is the go-to over-the-counter treatment for affected areas. Additionally, she recommends products containing glycerin, hyaluronic acid, and ceramides, which "help keep the skin hydrated and retain moisture, promoting healthier skin."
Dr. Waldorf advises choosing moisturizers with colloidal oatmeal, which can alleviate itchiness and restore dry skin. She also recommends gentle cleansers over harsh surfactants to "preserve the skin barrier's health and integrity and avoid stripping essential proteins and lipids."
It's equally important to avoid certain products, especially if you have sensitive skin due to eczema. Dr. Baird advises, "To prevent irritation, steer clear of skincare products with added fragrances and dyes."
Prescription Treatments for Eczema
If over-the-counter products fail to provide relief, consulting a dermatologist for prescription medications may be necessary. Your dermatologist might prescribe a stronger topical corticosteroid than available over the counter. However, Dr. Baird warns of potential side effects, including itching, irritation, redness, skin thinning, and dryness, emphasizing the importance of using the medication as directed.
Dupilumab (Dupixent) is another advanced treatment option mentioned by both dermatologists. Dr. Baird explains, "It is the first FDA-approved biologic treatment for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in children and adults." This treatment is recommended when other topical prescriptions and skincare fail to manage symptoms.
Phototherapy, or light therapy, is another option for those who haven't responded to topical treatments. While effective, it involves UV exposure, potentially leading to sunburn, red and tender skin, premature aging signs, and blisters.
Dietary Considerations for Eczema Sufferers
While food allergies often accompany eczema, the American Academy of Dermatology notes that avoiding potential allergens doesn't necessarily eliminate eczema. Instead, focusing on a balanced diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods like fruits and vegetables, rather than pro-inflammatory foods such as red meat and processed items, is recommended.
Avoiding Cosmetic Treatments with Active Eczema
Dr. Waldorf advises against aesthetic treatments on or through disrupted, inflamed skin due to the risk of infection. This includes injectables, energy-based devices, and other procedures. If seeking treatment in an unaffected area, your physician should thoroughly assess it to ensure no signs of infection.
Dr. Waldorf also notes that individuals with a history of atopic dermatitis are more prone to carrying certain bacteria like staphylococcus in their noses. Culturing the treatment site and inside the nose may be advisable if healing is not as expected after a peel or resurfacing procedure, with topical mupirocin ointment or oral antibiotics as potential follow-up treatments.
8 Dermatologist-Approved Tips for Managing Eczema
In addition to the treatments mentioned, Dr. Baird offers these eight practical tips to help manage eczema:
- Avoid foods that trigger sensitivity or an inflammatory response.
- Follow a consistent skincare routine as advised by a board-certified dermatologist.
- Take lukewarm baths and showers.
- Pat, rather than rub, yourself dry after bathing.
- Apply a moisturizing cream or ointment immediately after bathing or washing hands.
- Use a humidifier to prevent skin from drying out.
- Drink at least eight glasses of water daily to stay hydrated.
- Avoid scratching itchy skin, as it can worsen inflammation and delay healing.
